Introduction to Heat-Related Illnesses:

• Heat-related illnesses, including heat exhaustion and heat stroke, occur when the body is exposed to excessive heat. These conditions are more common in extreme temperatures, especially during heatwaves or in environments with high humidity.
• The article focuses on explaining the differences between heat exhaustion and heat stroke, as well as their causes, symptoms, and treatments.

The Difference Between Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke:

• Heat Exhaustion:
  • Caused by the body losing water and salt through excessive sweating.
  • The core body temperature rises (but stays below 40°C).
  • Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, nausea, dizziness, and intense thirst.
  • Mental clarity remains unaffected—patients are usually still conscious.
  • Treatment: Move the person to a cooler area, hydrate with water or electrolytes, and cool their body by fanning or applying cold compresses.
• Heat Stroke:
  • A severe condition where the body’s core temperature exceeds 40°C.
  • Symptoms include confusion, delirium, seizures, loss of consciousness, and potential organ failure.
  • It is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent death.
  • Treatment: Immediate medical attention, cooling techniques like immersion in cold water, and stabilization of vital functions are essential.

Challenges in Diagnosis:

• Symptoms of heat exhaustion and heat stroke can overlap, making it difficult to distinguish between the two without medical expertise.
• For example, both conditions can cause dizziness and weakness, but heat stroke is much more serious and life-threatening.

How Heat-Related Illnesses Develop:

• The human body regulates its core temperature at around 37°C.
• When the temperature exceeds about 31°C with high humidity, the body’s cooling mechanisms, particularly sweating, become less effective. This can lead to heat-related illnesses.
• Heat exhaustion occurs as the body struggles to keep the core temperature under control, while heat stroke happens when the body’s cooling mechanisms completely fail, resulting in a dangerous rise in core temperature.

Risk Factors:

• Strenuous Physical Activity: People who engage in heavy physical activity, especially in hot weather, are more prone to heat exhaustion or heat stroke.
• Vulnerable Groups: Individuals with chronic health conditions (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, lung conditions), older adults, children, and those who take medications (like blood pressure meds) are at higher risk.
• Work Environments: Outdoor workers such as farmers, construction workers, and firefighters face a higher risk due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures and heavy clothing or protective gear.
• Climate Change Impact: With increasing global temperatures due to climate change, heat-related illnesses are expected to become more frequent and severe, affecting a larger number of people each year.

Managing Heat Exhaustion:

• The risk of serious harm from heat exhaustion is low if treated promptly.
• Recommended steps include moving the person to a shaded, cool area, loosening or removing excess clothing, and cooling them with water or fans.
• Rehydration is crucial, so offering fluids containing water and electrolytes helps restore balance to the body.

Managing Heat Stroke:

• Heat stroke is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention.
• In a hospital setting, doctors will prioritize stabilizing the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation (the ABCs).
• Treatment focuses on cooling the body as quickly as possible using techniques like ice packs, cooling blankets, or immersion in cold water.
• Other medical measures include monitoring and treating the organs, as heat stroke can cause severe organ damage.

Prevention and Awareness:

• Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids before, during, and after exposure to heat. Electrolytes can help prevent dehydration and restore balance.
• Appropriate Clothing: Wear lightweight, light-colored clothing that allows sweat to evaporate and keeps the body cool.
• Take Breaks: Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun and take frequent breaks in cooler, shaded areas.
• Be Aware of Symptoms: Recognizing the early signs of heat exhaustion, such as fatigue, dizziness, and nausea, is key to preventing heat stroke.

Conclusion:

• Heat-related illnesses are serious and can be life-threatening if not managed quickly.
• As the climate continues to warm, the incidence of heat-related illnesses is expected to rise, making it more important than ever to be able to recognize the signs and know how to respond appropriately.
• Immediate action and proper prevention can help prevent severe health consequences or even death in extreme heat conditions.